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Thanh Điền was born blind on 4 May 1967, [1] and was adopted by a family. After his adoptive parents died, Thanh Điền lived with his adoptive brother in Trung An commune, Cờ Đỏ district, Cần Thơ city. [2] [1] Thanh learned to play the guitar from 9–10 years old. He said it took him about 15 years to be able to be proficient in ...
Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) [9] and is widely used ...
Nicotine is an addictive substance found most commonly in tobacco and tobacco products including cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, e-cigarette liquid, pipe tobacco, snus, snuff, and nicotine medications such as nicotine gum. Withdrawal is the body’s reaction to not having the nicotine it had become accustomed to.
Accordingly, while the connection between nicotine and appetite suppression, as well as other physiological responses to nicotine consumption, has been established, whether these chemical and biological reactions translate to smokers being thinner than nonsmokers (at least concerning certain age groups), is still debated.
Nicotiana (/ ˌ n ɪ k oʊ ʃ i ˈ eɪ n ə, n ɪ ˌ k oʊ-,-k ɒ t i-,-ˈ ɑː n ə,-ˈ æ n ə / [2] [3] [4]) is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the family Solanaceae, that is indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific.
In places which ban smoking, use of the nicotini provides smokers with the opportunity to manage cravings without stepping outside to smoke. [3] [4] [5] Where nicotinis are not sold, a similar experience can be had by consuming a nicotine replacement therapy product such as nicotine chewing gum, followed by the consumption of an alcoholic beverage.
Sharper peaks in blood nicotine levels from inhalation cause greater nicotine dependence than oral consumption. Nicotine replacement products, for instance, deliver nicotine in a slow, stable manner, which is less addictive. Inhaled nicotine enters the blood quicker than oral consumption, and blood nicotine levels halve every one to two hours.
Cotinine has an in vivo half-life of approximately 20 hours, and is typically detectable for several days (up to one week) after the use of tobacco. The level of cotinine in the blood, saliva, and urine is proportionate to the amount of exposure to tobacco smoke, so it is a valuable indicator of tobacco smoke exposure, including secondary (passive) smoke. [14]