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Known as "plane terrestrial globe", [11] it was adopted by the People's Liberation Army for the official military maps and China’s State Oceanic Administration for polar expeditions. [12] [13] 1879 Wiechel projection: Pseudoazimuthal Equal-area William H. Wiechel In its polar version, meridians form a pinwheel
Lists of science textbooks (5 P) A. Astronomy textbooks (2 P) B. Biology textbooks (2 C, 17 P) C. Computer science textbooks (1 C, 3 P) E. Earth sciences textbooks (2 ...
The equations below assume a beam with a circular cross-section at all values of z; this can be seen by noting that a single transverse dimension, r, appears.Beams with elliptical cross-sections, or with waists at different positions in z for the two transverse dimensions (astigmatic beams) can also be described as Gaussian beams, but with distinct values of w 0 and of the z = 0 location for ...
[11] Another generalization of the concept of a transversal would be a set that just has a non-empty intersection with each member of C . An example of the latter would be a Bernstein set , which is defined as a set that has a non-empty intersection with each set of C , but contains no set of C , where C is the collection of all perfect sets of ...
Transverse waves are contrasted with longitudinal waves, where the oscillations occur in the direction of the wave. The standard example of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave or "pressure wave" in gases, liquids, or solids, whose oscillations cause compression and expansion of the material through which the wave is propagating.
"Longitudinal waves" and "transverse waves" have been abbreviated by some authors as "L-waves" and "T-waves", respectively, for their own convenience. [1] While these two abbreviations have specific meanings in seismology (L-wave for Love wave [2] or long wave [3]) and electrocardiography (see T wave), some authors chose to use "ℓ-waves" (lowercase 'L') and "t-waves" instead, although they ...
The attempts to provide precise expressions were made by many scientists, including Stephen Timoshenko, [12] Raymond D. Mindlin, [13] G. R. Cowper, [14] N. G. Stephen, [15] J. R. Hutchinson [16] etc. (see also the derivation of the Timoshenko beam theory as a refined beam theory based on the variational-asymptotic method in the book by Khanh C ...
[4] [16] The same report suggested the books of Caldwell and Eikenberry, including Elements of General Science, as reading and reference books for the teaching of general science. [4] The number of high schools teaching the general science course started to increase and the course became widely adopted in US high school curricula. [ 4 ]