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Aldosterone stimulates Na + and water reabsorption from the gut, salivary and sweat glands in exchange for K +. Aldosterone stimulates secretion of H + via the H+/ATPase in the intercalated cells of the cortical collecting tubules; Aldosterone upregulates expression of NCC in the distal convoluted tubule chronically and its activity acutely. [18]
In individuals with GRA, there is unequal crossing over so that the 5' regulatory region of the 11-hydroxylase gene is fused to the coding region of the aldosterone synthase. [citation needed] The product of this hybrid gene is aldosterone synthase that is ACTH-sensitive [2] in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. [3]
The cutoff normal individuals from those with primary hyperaldosteronism is significantly affected by the conditions of testing, such as posture and time of day. On average, an ARR cutoff of 23.6 ng/dL per ng/(mL·h), expressed in alternative units as 651 pmol/L per μg/(L·h), has been estimated to have a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 94%. [2]
11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or simply deoxycorticosterone, also known as 21-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as desoxycortone (), deoxycortone, and cortexone, [1] [2] is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone. [3]
Eplerenone, sold under the brand name Inspra, is an aldosterone antagonist type of potassium-sparing diuretic that is used to treat chronic heart failure and high blood pressure, particularly for people with resistant hypertension due to elevated aldosterone.
Lorundrostat (developmental name MLS 101) is an aldosterone synthase inhibitor developed by Mineralys Therapeutics for high blood pressure. In clinical trials as an add-on medication for people with uncontrolled hypertension, decreased renin and elevated aldosterone it significantly reduced blood pressure. Hyperkalemia occurred in some trial ...
These enzymes are nearly identical (they share 11β-hydroxylation and 18-hydroxylation functions), but aldosterone synthase is also able to perform an 18-oxidation. Moreover, aldosterone synthase is found within the zona glomerulosa at the outer edge of the adrenal cortex ; 11β-hydroxylase is found in the zona fasciculata and zona glomerulosa .
Androsterone, or 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one, is an endogenous steroid hormone, neurosteroid, and putative pheromone. [1] It is a weak androgen with a potency that is approximately 1/7 that of testosterone. [2] Androsterone is a metabolite of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).