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Late Preterm Infants have an increased risk of being underweight and stunted at 12 and 24 months of age versus term infants. [6] Proper nutrition is essential for normal growth, optimal neurologic and cognitive development, immune protection, and long-term health.
For preterm infants who are born after 34 weeks of gestation ("late preterm infants") who are critically ill and cannot tolerate milk, there is some weak evidence that the infant may benefit from including amino acids and fats in the intravenous nutrition at a later time point (72 hours or longer from hospital admission) versus early (less than ...
A preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. [40] There are three types of preterm births: extremely preterm (less than 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks) and moderate to late preterm (32 to 37 weeks). [40]
Preterm birth is associated with alterations in volume of nervous tissue in early adulthood, including temporal, frontal, parietal and occipital areas. [20] Third-trimester brain development involves energy-dependent biological processes for optimal brain growth, which are disturbed in preterm infants even without observable structural brain ...
Normal lung development is interrupted in fetuses with IUGR, which increases their risk for respiratory compromise and impaired lung function later in life. Preterm infants with IUGR are more likely to have bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that is thought to be associated with prolonged use of mechanical ventilation. [19]
According to the WHO, a preterm birth is defined as "babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed." [20] According to this classification, there are three sub-categories of preterm birth, based on gestational age: extremely preterm (fewer than 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks), moderate to late preterm (32 to 37 weeks). [20]
If given expert postnatal care, some preterm babies weighing less than 500 g (1 lb 2 oz) may survive, and are referred to as extremely low birth weight or immature infants. [21] Preterm birth is the most common cause of infant mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths. [22]
Postterm pregnancy is when a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the typical 40-week duration of pregnancy. [1] Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including fetal malnutrition, meconium aspiration syndrome , and stillbirths . [ 2 ]