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There are two lists of mathematical identities related to vectors: Vector algebra relations — regarding operations on individual vectors such as dot product, cross product, etc. Vector calculus identities — regarding operations on vector fields such as divergence, gradient, curl, etc.
The cross product with respect to a right-handed coordinate system. In mathematics, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product, to emphasize its geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space (named here ), and is denoted by the symbol .
The following are important identities in vector algebra.Identities that only involve the magnitude of a vector ‖ ‖ and the dot product (scalar product) of two vectors A·B, apply to vectors in any dimension, while identities that use the cross product (vector product) A×B only apply in three dimensions, since the cross product is only defined there.
In three dimensions, the derivative has a special structure allowing the introduction of a cross product: = + = + from which it is easily seen that Gauss's law is the scalar part, the Ampère–Maxwell law is the vector part, Faraday's law is the pseudovector part, and Gauss's law for magnetism is the pseudoscalar part of the equation.
The seven-dimensional cross product has the same relationship to the octonions as the three-dimensional product does to the quaternions. The seven-dimensional cross product is one way of generalizing the cross product to other than three dimensions, and it is the only other bilinear product of two vectors that is vector-valued, orthogonal, and ...
In Cartesian coordinates, the divergence of a continuously differentiable vector field = + + is the scalar-valued function: = = (, , ) (, , ) = + +.. As the name implies, the divergence is a (local) measure of the degree to which vectors in the field diverge.
is the surface charge density between the media (unbounded charges only, not coming from polarization of the materials). This can be deduced by using Gauss's law and similar reasoning as above. Therefore, the normal component of D has a step of surface charge on the interface surface.
Using the cross product as a Lie bracket, the algebra of 3-dimensional real vectors is a Lie algebra isomorphic to the Lie algebras of SU(2) and SO(3). The structure constants are f a b c = ϵ a b c {\displaystyle f^{abc}=\epsilon ^{abc}} , where ϵ a b c {\displaystyle \epsilon ^{abc}} is the antisymmetric Levi-Civita symbol .