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20-72% following breast cancer operation. [1] Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is used to describe persistent neuropathic pain that follows breast surgery, such as mastectomy and lumpectomy. [3] PMPS manifests as pain in the arm, axilla, chest wall, and breast region. PMPS can be caused by a direct nerve injury, indirect nerve injury, or by ...
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognitive function (especially in memory and executive functions) that may last from 1–12 months after surgery, or longer. [1] In some cases, this disorder may persist for several years after major surgery. [2] POCD is distinct from emergence delirium.
The term "adhesion" is applied when the scar extends from within one tissue across to another, usually across a virtual space such as the peritoneal cavity. Adhesion formation post-surgery typically occurs when two injured surfaces are close to one another. According to the "classical paradigm" of adhesion formation, the pathogenesis starts ...
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental and behavioral disorder, [5] specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about events or activities. [6] Worry often interferes with daily functioning, and individuals with GAD are often overly concerned about everyday matters such as ...
When cancer has affected already one breast, the other breast, still healthy, may be removed in a unilateral preventive mastectomy. Typically either a simple, a subcutaneous or a nipple-sparing mastectomy is performed. With the former the areola and nipple are removed, while the other two approaches preserve the nipple area for cosmetic reasons.
69737-5. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) is a widely used self-administered diagnostic tool designed to screen for and assess the severity of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). [1] Comprising seven items, the GAD-7 measures the frequency of anxiety symptoms over the past two weeks, with respondents rating each item on a ...
Preoperational anxiety. Preoperational anxiety, or preoperative anxiety, is a common reaction experienced by patients who are admitted to a hospital for surgery. [1] It can be described as an unpleasant state of tension or uneasiness that results from a patient's doubts or fears before an operation. [1]
ICD-10. ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]