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604,127 new cases (2020) [11] Deaths. 341,831 (2020) [11] Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix or in the any layer of the wall of the cervix. [2] It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [12] Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. [2]
Staging is the process of determining the type of cervical cancer and the extent the cancer has spread beyond the cervix to local or distant parts of the body. [12] To determine the stage of the cancer, various modalities may be used including physical examination, biopsies, pathological examinations, and imaging, including MRI, ultrasound, CT ...
Cervical cancer mainly occurs because of a long-term infection with high-risk types of HPV. Not all HPV infections cause cancer, but some can change cervical cells and lead to cancer over time ...
Small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix is an exceptional member of the neuroendocrine group of cervical carcinomas that is frequently intermixed with a non-SCC component in the form of an adenocarcinoma (ADC) or squamous carcinoma. SCC is an aggressive tumor that spreads very quickly early on; this leads to a fatal clinical course and minimal ...
Cervical cancer was the most frequent HPV-associated cancer with on average 292 cases per year (74% of the female total, and 54% of the overall total of HPV-associated cancers). [197] A study of 996 cervical cytology samples in an Irish urban female, opportunistically screened population, found an overall HPV prevalence of 19.8%, HPV 16 at 20% ...
Dysplasia is the earliest form of precancerous lesion recognizable in a biopsy. Dysplasia can be low-grade or high-grade. High-grade dysplasia may also be referred to as carcinoma in situ. Invasive carcinoma, usually simply called cancer, has the potential to invade and spread to surrounding tissues and structures, and may eventually be lethal.
t. e. Gynecologic cancer is a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive age but posing threats to fertility for younger patients. [1]
Pap test. The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and ...