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Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 : 1.030: g/mL Urobilinogen: 0.2: 1.0 : Ehrlich units or mg/dL : Free catecholamines, dopamine: 90 : 420 : μg/d Red blood cells (RBCs)
Trace levels of protein in the urine can be normal, [60] but high levels (proteinuria) can indicate kidney disease. [45] Most cases of proteinuria are caused by increased levels of albumin , [ 61 ] which test strips can detect relatively well; but they are markedly less sensitive to other proteins, such as Bence-Jones protein , [ 62 ] which may ...
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. [1] Common urine tests include the routine urinalysis, which examines the ...
t. e. Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry ...
The normal number of red blood cells in urine should not usually exceed 3 per high power field. [13] A urine test strip showing positive for blood can also indicate hemoglobinuria, which is not detectable using a microscope due to the lysis of red blood cells in the urinary tract (particularly in alkaline or dilute urine), or intravascular ...
Urine electrolyte levels can be measured in a medical laboratory for diagnostic purposes. The urine concentrations of sodium, chlorine and potassium may be used to investigate conditions such as abnormal blood electrolyte levels, acute kidney injury, metabolic alkalosis and hypovolemia. [1][2][3] Other electrolytes that can be measured in urine ...
Hemoglobinuria. Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. [1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma. [2]
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), as well as various types thereof (RDW-CV or RCDW and RDW-SD), is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell (RBC) volume that is reported as part of a standard complete blood count. [1] Red blood cells have an average volume of 80–100 femtoliters, but individual cell volumes vary even in ...