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The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite , aluminium 's chief ore, through the Bayer process ) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.
The Hall-Héroult electrolysis process is the major production route for primary aluminium. An electrolytic cell is made of a steel shell with a series of insulating linings of refractory materials. The cell consists of a brick-lined outer steel shell as a container and support. Inside the shell, cathode blocks are cemented together by ramming ...
Molten cryolite is used as a solvent for aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) in the Hall–Héroult process, used in the refining of aluminium. It decreases the melting point of aluminium oxide from 2000–2500 °C to 900–1000 °C, and increases its conductivity [ 18 ] thus making the extraction of aluminium more economical.
Aluminium carbide forms in the potlining from the reaction of aluminium and carbon according to the equation – 4Al + 3C → Al 4 C 3. [15] Aluminium nitride forms from a number of reactions including the reaction of cryolite with nitrogen and sodium according to the equation - Na 3 AlF 6 + 0.5N 2 + 3Na → AlN + 6NaF [16]
Savannah Pulp and Paper Laboratory (now the Herty Advanced Materials Development Center), founded by Charles H. Herty Sr. in 1932 [37] Commercialization of the Hall-Héroult process for producing aluminum by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company in 1888 [38] John William Draper and the founding of the American Chemical Society in 1876 [39]
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Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron , copper , silver , tin , lead and zinc .
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