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The majority of reactors in operation around the world are considered second generation and third generation reactor systems, as the majority of the first generation systems have been retired. China was the first country to operate a demonstration generation-IV reactor, the HTR-PM in Shidaowan, Shandong , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] which is a pebble-bed type ...
Classed as a Generation IV reactor, it features a fast-neutron spectrum and closed fuel cycle for efficient conversion of fertile uranium and management of actinides. The reference reactor design is a helium - cooled system operating with an outlet temperature of 850 °C (1,560 °F) using a direct Brayton closed-cycle gas turbine for high ...
However, a number of proposed and one in construction new nuclear reactor designs are lead-cooled. Fuel designs being explored for this reactor scheme include fertile uranium as a metal, metal oxide or metal nitride. [2] The lead-cooled reactor design has been proposed as a generation IV reactor. Plans for future implementation of this type of ...
Pool type sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) A sodium-cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium.. The initials SFR in particular refer to two Generation IV reactor proposals, one based on existing liquid metal cooled reactor (LMFR) technology using mixed oxide fuel (MOX), and one based on the metal-fueled integral fast reactor.
The 1950s Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) was primarily motivated by the technology's compact size, while the 1960s Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) aimed to demonstrate a nuclear power plant using a thorium fuel cycle in a breeder reactor. Increased research into Generation IV reactor designs renewed interest in the 21st century with ...
Sketch of a pebble-bed reactor. The pebble-bed reactor (PBR) is a design for a graphite-moderated, gas-cooled nuclear reactor. It is a type of very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR), one of the six classes of nuclear reactors in the Generation IV initiative. Graphite pebble for reactor. The basic design features spherical fuel elements called ...
International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) is a Generation IV reactor design made by an international team of companies, laboratories, and universities and coordinated by Westinghouse. IRIS is hoped to open up new markets for nuclear power and make a bridge from Generation III reactor to Generation IV reactor technology. The design is ...
Additionally, there are 64 reactors under construction and 87 reactors planned, with a combined capacity of 69 GW and 84 GW, respectively, while 344 more reactors are proposed. [1] For non-power reactors, see List of nuclear research reactors. For fuel plants see List of nuclear reprocessing plants.