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Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B 1). [1] A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. [1] [7] The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness caused by the condition.
Korsakoff syndrome (KS) [1] is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by amnesia, deficits in explicit memory, and confabulation.This neurological disorder is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B 1) in the brain, and it is typically associated with and exacerbated by the prolonged, excessive ingestion of alcohol. [2]
The enzymes that are dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate are associated with the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and branched chain amino acids. Thus, anything that encourages glucose metabolism will exacerbate an existing clinical or sub-clinical thiamine deficiency. [15]
Thiamine deficiency and errors of thiamine metabolism are believed to be the primary cause of Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamine, also called B 1, helps to break down glucose. Specifically, it acts as an essential coenzyme to the TCA cycle and the pentose phosphate shunt. Thiamine is first metabolised to its more active form, thiamine ...
Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency) was reported to cause seizures, especially in alcoholics. [5] [6] [7] Vitamin B6 depletion (pyridoxine deficiency) was reported to be associated with pyridoxine-dependent seizures. [8] Vitamin B12 deficiency was reported to be the cause of seizures for adults [9] [10] and for infants. [11] [12]
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication.
“The event or death may have been related to the underlying disease being treated, may have been caused by some other product being used at the same time, or may have occurred for other reasons.” The Times story also cited a buprenorphine study by researchers in Sweden that looked at “100 autopsies where buprenorphine had been detected.”
Transketolase activity decreases due to thiamine deficiency, generally due to malnutrition. Several diseases are associated with thiamine deficiency, including beriberi , biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) , [ 5 ] Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome , and others (see thiamine for a comprehensive listing).