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There is broad consensus across the biological and social sciences that race is a social construct, not an accurate representation of human genetic variation. [ 26 ] [ 10 ] As more progress has been made on sequencing the human genome, it has been found that any two humans will share an average of 99.35% of their DNA based on the approximately ...
Skepticism towards the validity of scientific racism grew during the interwar period, [10] and by the end of World War II, scientific racism in theory and action was formally denounced, especially in UNESCO's early antiracist statement, "The Race Question" (1950): "The biological fact of race and the myth of 'race' should be distinguished. For ...
The concept of race classification in physical anthropology lost credibility around the 1960s and is now considered untenable. [160] [161] [162] A 2019 statement by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists declares: Race does not provide an accurate representation of human biological variation.
The MRCT Center published an article in 2022 pointing out that often clinical trial data do not report the intersection of biological gender and race, and that some systematic reviews of clinical ...
The term gender had been associated with grammar for most of history and only started to move towards it being a malleable cultural construct in the 1950s and 1960s. [27] Before the terminological distinction between biological sex and gender as a role developed, it was uncommon to use the word gender to refer to anything but grammatical ...
A key CRT concept is intersectionality—the way in which different forms of inequality and identity are affected by interconnections of race, class, gender, and disability. [8] Scholars of CRT view race as a social construct with no biological basis.
In most age/race/gender groups, the highest and lowest mortality risks occurred in the highest and lowest categories of residential segregation, respectively. These results suggest that minority residential segregation may influence mortality risk and underscore the traditional emphasis on the social underpinnings of disease and death. [150]
The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national ...