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The upper curve shows the critical erosion velocity in cm/s as a function of particle size in mm, while the lower curve shows the deposition velocity as a function of particle size. Note that the axes are logarithmic. The plot shows several key concepts about the relationships between erosion, transportation, and deposition.
The Horseshoe Falls, one of the three Niagara Falls.The falls are a knickpoint, formed by slower erosion above the falls than below. In geomorphology, a knickpoint or nickpoint is part of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in channel bed slope, such as a waterfall or lake.
A region can be uplifted at any stage. This lowers the base level and streams begin active downward erosion again. Dynamic rejuvenation may be caused by the epeirogenic uplift of a land mass. Warping or faulting of a drainage basin will steepen the stream gradient followed by the downcutting. The effect of seaward tilting can be felt ...
The geographic cycle, or cycle of erosion, is an idealized model that explains the development of relief in landscapes. [1] The model starts with the erosion that follows uplift of land above a base level and ends, if conditions allow, in the formation of a peneplain . [ 1 ]
As erosion of the knickpoint and the streambed continues, the head cut will migrate upstream. [3] Groundwater seeps and springs are sometimes found along the face, sides, or base of a head cut. [4] [5] Channel incision is very common when head cuts are involved in stream morphology. In terms of stream restoration, head cuts are one of the most ...
Lake bed downcutting is the erosion of cohesive material such as clay or glacial till from a shoreline by wave action. When the sand cover is stripped away and the cohesive layer is exposed, cohesive material is lost to the water column. Unlike sand, cohesive material cannot be replenished by natural events such as bluff erosion. This can ...
A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall or shut-in. It is created by the erosional forces of cascading water on the rocks at the formation's base where the water impacts. [1] The term may refer to the water occupying the depression, or the depression itself. [2]
Waterfall plots are often used to show how two-dimensional phenomena change over time. [1] A three-dimensional spectral waterfall plot is a plot in which multiple curves of data, typically spectra, are displayed simultaneously. Typically the curves are staggered both across the screen and vertically, with "nearer" curves masking the ones behind.