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The internal thoracic artery (ITA), also known as the internal mammary artery, is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. [1] It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum , to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries .
Several arteries and veins can be used, however internal mammary artery grafts have demonstrated significantly better long-term patency rates than great saphenous vein grafts. [40] In patients with two or more coronary arteries affected, bypass surgery is associated with higher long-term survival rates compared to percutaneous interventions. [41]
The anastomosis supplying the left anterior descending branch is the most significant one and usually, the left internal mammary artery is harvested for use. Other commonly employed sources are the right internal mammary artery, the radial artery, and the great saphenous vein.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery published a study on November 1, 2013, that confirmed MICS CABG as safe, feasible, and associated with excellent graft patency rates at 6 months post surgery, with graft patency of 92% for all grafts and 100% for left internal thoracic artery grafts. Coronary artery bypass graft patency was ...
Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG): Grafting an artery or vein from elsewhere to bypass a stenotic coronary artery. Performed by cardiothoracic surgeons, a sternotomy is performed to open the chest and then grafts are performed. Cardiopulmonary bypass may be necessary. The internal mammary artery or saphenous vein can be used as grafts. The ...
These networks of blood vessels include the internal and external mammary arteries in the subcutaneous tissue which primarily provide blood to the NAC alongside the thoracoacromial arteries and intercostal perforator arteries. [12] Provision of blood to the base of the nipple is accomplished through branching vessels of the mammary arteries. [12]
The radical mastectomy was subsequently extended by a number of surgeons such as Sugarbaker and Urban to include removal of internal mammary lymph nodes. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Eventually, this "extended" radical mastectomy was extended even further to include removal of the supraclavicular lymph nodes at the time of mastectomy by Dahl-Iversen and ...
In most women, the nipple should be located at, or slightly above, the inframammary fold, because emplacing it too high might later lead to a difficult revision surgery. The proper topographic locale for the nipple is determined by transposing the semicircular line of the inframammary fold to the face of the breast (anterior aspect), thereby ...