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Chamomile may be used as a flavouring agent in foods and beverages, mouthwash, soaps, and cosmetics. [5] Chamomile tea is a herbal infusion made from dried flowers and hot water, and may improve sleep quality. [3] Two types of chamomile are used, namely German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). [3]
Chamaemelum nobile has daisy-like white flowers and procumbent stems; the leaves are alternate, bipinnate, finely dissected, and downy to glabrous. The solitary, terminal flowerheads, rising 20–30 cm (8–12 in) above the ground, consist of prominent yellow disk flowers and silver-white ray flowers.
The flowers contain between 0.3 and 1.5% of the essential oil. [9] It is extracted by distillation, mostly out of fresh flower buds and flower stalks. Bisabolol accounts for up to 33% of the oil's content. [10] More than 120 chemical constituents have been identified in chamomile flower, most of them found in the essential oil.
Perhaps the best-known species is Roman chamomile, Chamaemelum nobile. These are annual or perennial herbs, rarely exceeding half a meter in height and usually bearing solitary white daisylike flowers with yellow centers. They are native to Europe but most species can be found scattered in other continents where they have been introduced.
Anthemis is a genus of aromatic flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, closely related to Chamaemelum, and like that genus, known by the common name chamomile; some species are also called dog-fennel or mayweed. Anthemis are native to the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia east to Iran.
The flowers are radially symmetrical. The greenish-yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (M. recutita) or lacking (M. discoidea). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2–3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking. [5]
Matricaria discoidea, commonly known as pineappleweed, [3] wild chamomile, disc mayweed, and rayless mayweed, is an annual plant native to North America and introduced to Eurasia where it grows as a common herb of fields, gardens, and roadsides. [4] It is in the daisy family Asteraceae. The flowers exude a chamomile/pineapple aroma when crushed ...
Rhodanthe anthemoides is an upright to ascending, bushy perennial up to 30 cm (12 in) high and up to 60 cm (24 in) wide. The leaves are arranged alternate, sometimes crowded, thick, linear or lance-shaped, 4–15 mm (0.16–0.59 in) long, 0.5–2 mm (0.020–0.079 in) wide, mostly smooth, margins and mid-rib with occasional glandular hairs.