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  2. Concurrent computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_computing

    A concurrent system is one where a computation can advance without waiting for all other computations to complete. [1] Concurrent computing is a form of modular programming. In its paradigm an overall computation is factored into subcomputations that may be executed concurrently.

  3. Preemption (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preemption_(computing)

    At any specific time, processes can be grouped into two categories: those that are waiting for input or output (called "I/O bound"), and those that are fully utilizing the CPU ("CPU bound"). In early systems, processes would often "poll" or "busy-wait" while waiting for requested input (such as disk, keyboard or network input). During this time ...

  4. Cooperative multitasking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_multitasking

    Cooperative multitasking is similar to async/await in languages, such as JavaScript or Python, that feature a single-threaded event-loop in their runtime. This contrasts with cooperative multitasking in that await cannot be invoked from a non-async function, but only an async function, which is a kind of coroutine .

  5. Critical section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_section

    A critical section is typically used when a multi-threaded program must update multiple related variables without a separate thread making conflicting changes to that data. In a related situation, a critical section may be used to ensure that a shared resource, for example, a printer, can only be accessed by one process at a time.

  6. Child process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_process

    This technique pertains to multitasking operating systems, and is sometimes called a subprocess or traditionally a subtask. There are two major procedures for creating a child process: the fork system call (preferred in Unix-like systems and the POSIX standard) and the spawn (preferred in the modern (NT) kernel of Microsoft Windows , as well as ...

  7. Computer multitasking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking

    At any specific time, processes can be grouped into two categories: those that are waiting for input or output (called "I/O bound"), and those that are fully utilizing the CPU ("CPU bound"). In primitive systems, the software would often "poll", or "busywait" while waiting for requested input (such as disk, keyboard or network input). During ...

  8. Blocking (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking_(computing)

    An example is "blocking on a channel" where passively waiting for the other part (i.e. no polling or spin loop) is part of the semantics of channels. [3] Correctly engineered, any of these may be used to implement reactive systems. [clarification needed] Deadlock means that processes pathologically wait for each other in a circle. As such it is ...

  9. Asynchronous I/O - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_I/O

    Like the process method, but with lower overhead and without the data isolation that hampers coordination of the flows. Each LWP or thread itself uses traditional blocking synchronous I/O, which simplifies programming logic; this is a common paradigm used in many programming languages including Java and Rust.