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Economists disagree over how to set tolls, how to cover common costs, and what to do with any "excess" revenues (i.e., Revenues that exceed direct costs of road construction and maintenance, but which may still not cover external costs fully), whether and how "losers" from tolling previously free roads should be compensated, and whether to ...
Pavement management incorporates life cycle costs into a more systematic approach to minor and major road maintenance and reconstruction projects. The needs of the entire network as well as budget projections are considered before projects are executed, [ 2 ] as the cost of data collection can change significantly.
The unit price per kilometer of motorway, i.e. individual sections of motorway, is determined according to construction costs, maintenance costs, management costs and costs of development of motorways and toll road facilities. The unit price per kilometer can be determined differently for each section of the motorway. [7]
Poor quality paved roads may cost less on initial construction, but are more costly to maintain and produce greater costs of use over the life of the road. [57] Maintaining roads involves long-term and major investments which are subjected to corrupt practices of those responsible for maintenance. Moreover, budgeting high construction costs ...
The total cost of RONS projects that are either complete, or under construction, is $9.6 billion, including Auckland's Northern Corridor project. That provides for around 250 kilometres of new or significantly upgraded roads at an average cost of around $35 million per kilometre. [12]
Highway agencies use IRI thresholds to characterize road condition; for example, in the United States, an IRI of less than 95 in/mi (1.50 m/km) is generally considered by the Federal Highway Administration to be in "good" condition, an IRI from 96 to 170 in/mi (1.51 to 2.68 m/km) is considered "acceptable", and an IRI exceeding 170 in/mile (2. ...
The city has budgeted $60.1 million for the Six Forks Road project, including a $14 million federal grant it hopes to receive. Rising real estate prices have pushed the estimated cost to $116 million.
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...