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Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H Cl O 4. It is an oxoacid of chlorine . Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid , nitric acid and hydrochloric acid .
Nitrating acid mixtures, spent with more than 50 percent nitric acid or Nitrating acid mixtures, spent with not more than 50 percent nitric acid UN 1827: 8: Stannic chloride, anhydrous UN 1828: 8: Sulfur chlorides: UN 1829: 8: Sulfur trioxide, inhibited or Sulfur trioxide, stabilized UN 1830: 8: Sulfuric acid with more than 51 percent acid UN ...
Potassium perchlorate in crystal form. Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride.This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO 4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO 4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C).
Perchlorate salts are typically manufactured through the process of electrolysis, which involves oxidizing aqueous solutions of corresponding chlorates.This technique is commonly employed in the production of sodium perchlorate, which finds widespread use as a key ingredient in rocket fuel. [5]
Sodium perchlorate is the precursor to ammonium, potassium and lithium perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility relative to NaClO 4 (209 g/(100 mL) at 25 °C). [ 6 ] It is used for denaturating proteins in biochemistry and in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology .
This process is the main outlet for the industrial production of perchloric acid. The salt also can be produced by salt metathesis reaction of ammonium salts with sodium perchlorate. This process exploits the relatively low solubility of NH 4 ClO 4, which is about 10% of that for sodium perchlorate. [6] AP crystallises as colorless rhombohedra.
This compound hydrolyzes in water to form nitrous acid and perchloric acid: [5] NOClO 4 + H 2 O → HNO 2 + HClO 4. With a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, it produces perchlorate, nitrite, nitrate, nitric oxide, and water. This reaction was used to calculate the heat of formation of nitrosyl perchlorate.
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