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Typical values of the limit for steels are one half the ultimate tensile strength, to a maximum of 290 MPa (42 ksi).For iron, aluminium, and copper alloys, is typically 0.4 times the ultimate tensile strength.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
ASTM A992 steel has the following minimum mechanical properties, according to ASTM specification A992/A992M. Tensile yield strength, 345 MPa (50 ksi); tensile ultimate strength, 450 MPa (65 ksi); strain to rupture (sometimes called elongation ) in a 200-mm-long test specimen, 18%; strain to rupture in a 50-mm-long test specimen, 21%.
A36 steel has a Poisson's ratio of 0.26 and a shear modulus of 11,500 ksi (79.3 GPa). [7] A36 steel in plates, bars, and shapes with a thickness of less than 8 inches (203 millimeters) has a minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength of 58–80 ksi (400–550 MPa).
For ductile materials, the yield strength is typically distinct from the ultimate tensile strength, which is the load-bearing capacity for a given material. The ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength is an important parameter for applications such steel for pipelines , and has been found to be proportional to the strain hardening ...
For example, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of AISI 1018 Steel is 440 MPa. In Imperial units, the unit of stress is given as lbf/in 2 or pounds-force per square inch. This unit is often abbreviated as psi. One thousand psi is abbreviated ksi. A factor of safety is a design criteria that an engineered component or structure must achieve.
Carbon content has a strong influence on room temperature strength and thus the specified minimum tensile properties of 304L are 34 MPa (5,000 psi) lower than for 304. However, nitrogen also has a strong influence on room temperature strength and a tiny addition of nitrogen produces 304L with the same tensile strength as 304.
Yield Strength Fy (ksi) Tensile Strength Fu (ksi) Fu / Fy Minimum Elongation (%) in 2-in. Gage Length Carbon structural steel A36 36 58-80 1.61 23 A36 50 70 1.4 21 High-strength low-alloy Structural steel A242 46 67 1.46 21 Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates A283 A 24 45-60 1.88 30 B 27 50-65 1.85 28 C 30 55-75 1.83 25 D 33