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The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955, and was made available in 1960 by Hoffmann–La Roche, which followed with the development of diazepam (Valium) three years later, in 1963. [1]
In 1907 Alfred Bertheim synthesized Arsphenamine, the first man-made antibiotic. In 1927 Erik Rotheim patented the first aerosol spray can. In 1933 Robert Pauli Scherer created a method to develop softgels. William Roberts studies about penicillin were continued by Alexander Fleming, who in 1928 concluded that penicillin had an antibiotic ...
Diazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche. [15] [22] [23] It has been one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the world since its launch in 1963. [15] In the United States it was the best-selling medication between 1968 and 1982, selling more than 2 billion tablets in 1978 alone. [15]
Lorazepam was initially patented in 1963 and went on sale in the United States in 1977. [25] [26] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [27] It is available as a generic medication. [14] In 2022, it was the 80th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions. [28 ...
The earliest patent medicines were created in the 17th century. They were most popular from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, before the advent of consumer protection laws and evidence-based medicine. [1] [2] Despite the name, patent medicines were usually trademarked but not actually patented, in order to keep their formulas ...
Clonazepam was patented in 1960 and went on sale in 1975 in the United States from Roche. [16] [17] It is available as a generic medication. [11] In 2022, it was the 57th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions. [18] [19] In many areas of the world, it is commonly used as a recreational ...
Librium, based on the R0 6-690 compound discovered by Sternbach in 1956, was approved for use in 1960. In 1963, its improved version, Valium, was released and became astonishingly popular: between 1969 and 1982, it was the most prescribed drug in America, with over 2.3 billion doses sold in its peak year of 1978.
Finally, note that the benzodiazepine core is a privileged scaffold, which has been used to derive drugs with diverse activity that is not limited to the GABA A modulatory action of the classical benzodiazepines, [60] such as devazepide and tifluadom, however these have not been included in the list below. 2,3-benzodiazepines such as tofisopam ...