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Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere , from British Columbia to Brazil.
The external gills seen in salamanders differs greatly from that of amphibians with internalized gills. Unlike amphibians with internalized gills which typically rely on the changing of pressures within the buccal and pharyngeal cavities to ensure diffusion of oxygen onto the gill curtain, neotenic salamanders such as Necturus use specified ...
Tylototriton shanjing, the emperor newt, Mandarin newt or Mandarin salamander, is a highly toxic newt native to Yunnan and parts of South China. It is sometimes seen in private collections, and is sometimes available for sale at certain reptile and amphibian-specializing pet stores and occasionally through captive breeders .
External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. Instead, the respiratory organs are set on a frill of stalks protruding from the sides of an animal's head. The axolotl has three pairs of external ...
The coastal giant salamander can reach up to 33 cm (13 in) in total length as a terrestrial adult, and 35.5 cm (14.0 in) in paedomorphic forms, [4] making it the largest terrestrial salamander in North America. [5] The coastal giant salamander has stout limbs with four toes on the front feet and five toes on the back feet.
The hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), also known as the hellbender salamander, is a species of aquatic giant salamander endemic to the eastern and central United States. It is the largest salamander in North America. A member of the family Cryptobranchidae, the hellbender is the only extant member of the genus Cryptobranchus.
In salamanders, sexual size dimorphism is usually female-biased, but in Siren intermedia, it's the opposite. Males are the larger sex, and they also have significantly larger heads and enlarged masseter muscles than females. [4] Lesser sirens are notably neotenic, and possess external gills throughout their lives. [3]
The Japanese fire-bellied newt or Japanese fire-bellied salamander (Cynops pyrrhogaster) is a species of newt endemic to Japan. The skin on its upper body is dark and its lower regions bright red, although coloration varies with age, genetics, and region. Adults are 8 to 15 cm (3.1 to 5.9 in) long.