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In Atlanta following the Civil War, many African American women were employed as washerwomen, also known as laundresses. [2] There were more African American women employed as washerwomen than in any other domestic work, representing over half of their total workforce. Many of those employed in this field made between $4 and $8 per month.
In the 19th century, the ladies-in-waiting of the Dutch court were headed by the Grootmeesteres (Grand Mistress, equivalent to Mistress of the Robes), of second rank were the Dames du Palais (married ladies-in-waiting), followed by the third rank Hofdames (Court Ladies, equivalent to Maids of Honour). [42] [page needed] [43] [full citation needed]
Illustration depicting a Parisian lady's maid in the 1630s. The illustration is made in the turn of the 18th-19th century, by Georges-Jacques Gatine (1773–1848) Mistress and Maid by Johannes Vermeer. A lady's maid is a female personal attendant who waits on her female employer. The role of a lady's maid is similar to that of a gentleman's ...
On 1 October 1861, the instalments were collected into one volume with the title The Book of Household Management, comprising information for the Mistress, Housekeeper, Cook, Kitchen-Maid, Butler, Footman, Coachman, Valet, Upper and Under House-Maids, Lady's-Maid, Maid-of-all-Work, Laundry-Maid, Nurse and Nurse-Maid, Monthly Wet and Sick Nurses ...
Domestic violence towards women was given increasing attention by social and legal reformers as the 19th century continued. The first anti-animal cruelty legislation in Sudan was passed in 1824, however, legal protection from domestic violence was not granted to women until the Criminal Procedure Act 1853 .
Young women felt pressured to find a mate, as those unmarried by age 20 were often considered "old maids". [9]: 15152–155 Many immigrants during the 18th century were indentured servants and were constrained from marrying while serving their indenture. A man could purchase his prospective wife's freedom so that they could marry, although it ...
A 2023 Library Journal review of a title in the "Gilded Age Heiresses" romance-novel series describes a plot scenario wherein "American 'Dollar Princess' Camille, now the Dowager Duchess of Hereford after her horrible husband's death, decides to ask Jacob Thorne, co-owner of an infamous club and the illegitimate son of an earl, for help ...
The kitchen maid assisted the cook with the preparation of meals and was responsible for numerous cleaning tasks. [7]: 225 [38]: 36 In houses with large domestic staffs she was assisted by the scullery maid. Attitudes to domestic work changed in the late 19th century as other employment opportunities arose.