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Patellar tendon rupture is a tear of the tendon that connects the knee cap (patella) to the tibia. [1] Often there is sudden onset of pain and walking is difficult. [1] In a complete rupture, the ability to extend that knee is decreased. [1] A pop may be felt when it occurs. [2]
The knee joint is formed by three bones: the femur (thighbone), the tibia (shinbone), and the patella (kneecap). These bones are held together by ligaments, which are strong bands of tissue that keep the joint stable while an individual is walking, running, jumping, etc.
In the longer term, the knee may not regain full movement, pain may persist and there is an increased likelihood of osteoarthritis of the knee. [7] If there is an associated open wound as in an open fracture , complications also include risk of infection, inability of the broken bones to reunite and osteonecrosis .
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The patient should be supine with the hips flexed to 45 degrees, the knees flexed to 90 degrees and the feet flat on table. The examiner positions himself by sitting on the examination table in front of the involved knee and grasping the tibia just below the joint line of the knee.
The torn ligament can either be removed from the knee (most common), or preserved (where the graft is passed inside the preserved ruptured native ligament) before reconstruction through an arthroscopic procedure. ACL repair is also a surgical option. This involves repairing the ACL by re-attaching it, instead of performing a reconstruction.
A luxating patella, sometimes called a trick knee, is a condition in which the patella, or kneecap, dislocates or moves out of its normal location. It can be associated with damage to the anterior cruciate ligament. [1] Patellar luxation is a common condition in dogs, particularly small and miniature breeds. [2]
Originally described by Dr. Paul Segond in 1879 [6] [7] after a series of cadaveric experiments, the Segond fracture occurs in association with tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (75–100%) and injury to the medial meniscus (66–75%), lateral capsular ligament (now known as the Anterolateral ligament, or ALL), as well as injury to the structures behind the knee.