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Clinically, if the point at which the helix (curved upper part) of the outer ear meets the cranium is at or below the line connecting the inner canthi of eyes (the bicanthal plane), the ears are considered low set. [2] [1] Low-set ears can be associated with conditions such as: Down syndrome [3] Turner syndrome; Noonan syndrome [4] Patau ...
Otology also studies vestibular sensory systems, related structures and functions, as well as their diseases, diagnosis and treatment. [1] [2] Otologic surgery generally refers to surgery of the middle ear and mastoid related to chronic otitis media, such as tympanoplasty (ear drum surgery), ossiculoplasty (surgery of the hearing bones) and ...
Symptoms are believed to occur as the result of increased fluid buildup in the labyrinth of the inner ear. [3] Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and a hearing test. [3] Other conditions that may produce similar symptoms include vestibular migraine and transient ischemic attack. [1] No cure is known. [3]
Tympanic membrane retraction describes a condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position.. The eardrum comprises two parts: the pars tensa, which is the main part of the eardrum, and the pars flaccida, which is a smaller part of the eardrum located above the pars tensa.
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [2] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [3] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [1] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [1] Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. [1]
Effective solutions for the ear canal include acidifying and drying agents, used either singly or in combination. [20] When the ear canal skin is inflamed from the acute otitis externa, the use of dilute acetic acid may be painful. Burow's solution is a very effective remedy against both bacterial and fungal external otitis.
The ear may be affected by disease, including infection and traumatic damage. Diseases of the ear may lead to hearing loss, tinnitus and balance disorders such as vertigo, although many of these conditions may also be affected by damage to the brain or neural pathways leading from the ear.
Many conditions involving the external ear will be visible to the naked eye. Because the external ear is the most exposed portion of the ear, it is vulnerable to trauma or environmental exposures. [14] Blunt trauma, such as a blow to the ear, can result in a hematoma, or collection of blood between the cartilage and perichondrium of the ear.