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Afterdepolarization is commonly a consequence of myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, or heart failure. [1] It may also result from congenital mutations associated with calcium channels and sequestration. [2]
Early cardiotoxicity is rare, but manifests as arrthymias, myocarditis, and pericarditis. This type of toxicity occurs directly after treatment with anthracycline. Early onset chronic cardiotoxicity is defined as cardiotoxicity manifesting within one year of the completion of treatment, while late onset chronic cardiotoxicity occurs after one year.
In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization [1] [2] is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside.
Other mechanisms involve sodium and potassium ion channels which can also malfunction and cause early after-depolarization as well. If the EAD is large enough it might propagate out and depolarize the ventricles, causing a premature ventricular contraction, or a PVC, in other words an unexpected ventricular contraction.
Abercrombie & Fitch's chairman and chief executive Michael Jeffries, in this Feb. 16, 1998, file photo, has a contract that includes a $1 million annual salary & a retirement package not tied to ...
Once a staple in home computing, especially in the late ’80s and early ’90s, the clunky Commodore 64 — also known as the C64 — remains popular among retro tech enthusiasts.
In the early development of many organisms, the action potential is actually initially carried by calcium current rather than sodium current. The opening and closing kinetics of calcium channels during development are slower than those of the voltage-gated sodium channels that will carry the action potential in the mature neurons.
Tiki, a 20-year-old blind cat from New England, was rescued by Good Samaritans after floating on a piece of ice on a Massachusetts lake and falling in on Dec. 16, 2024.