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Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) is a pressure limit set, usually by a government body, which applies to compressed gas pressure vessels, pipelines, and storage tanks. For pipelines, this value is derived from Barlow's Formula , which takes into account wall thickness, diameter, allowable stress (which is a function of the material ...
Gas networks simulation or gas pipeline simulation is a process of defining the mathematical model of gas transmission and gas distribution systems, which are usually composed of highly integrated pipe networks operating over a wide range of pressures. Simulation allows to predict the behaviour of gas network systems under different conditions ...
This can be used to calculate mean values (expectations) of the flow rates, head losses or any other variables of interest in the pipe network. This analysis has been extended using a reduced-parameter entropic formulation, which ensures consistency of the analysis regardless of the graphical representation of the network. [3]
OLGA is a modelling tool for transportation of oil, natural gas and water in the same pipeline, so-called multiphase transportation. The name is short for "oil and gas simulator".
The quantity Q could be mass or energy as well as volume. The allocation calculations are carried out per phase, for example oil, gas and water respectively. Example with calculations to illustrate the principle of proportional allocation. Assume that the flows of separated oil from two production units go to a common storage tank.
Gas initially in place (GIIP) or original gas in place (OGIP) denote the total estimated quantity (volume) of natural gas contained in a "subsurface" asset prior to extraction . [ 1 ] Gas Initially In Place = Gross Rock Volume * Net/Gross * Porosity * average initial Gas Saturation / Formation Volume Factor [ 2 ]
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Total greenhouse gas and air pollution costs are 8 times higher than accident and spills costs for pipelines (US$531 vs US$62) and 3 times higher for rail (US$1015 vs US$381). [ 22 ] Finally, transporting oil and gas by rail is generally more expensive for producers than transporting it by pipeline.