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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of enteroviruses. [10] It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell. [10] This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister, on the hands, feet and mouth and occasionally buttocks and groin.
Patients can develop two clinical phases: an acute septic phase and a chronic eruptive phase associated with skin lesions. [3] In the acute phase (also known as Oroya fever or fiebre de la Oroya), B. bacilliformis infection is a sudden, potentially life-threatening infection associated with high fever and decreased levels of circulating red blood cells (i.e., hemolytic anemia) and transient ...
In North America, Sin Nombre virus is the most common cause of HPS and is transmitted by the Eastern deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). In South America, Andes virus is the most common cause of HPS and is transmitted mainly by the long-tailed pygmy rice rat (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus). In their rodent hosts, these hantaviruses cause a ...
Since the 1993 outbreak, other hantaviruses that cause HPS have been found in the US and throughout the Americas. Sin Nombre virus remains the most common cause of HPS in North America. Although the disease was feared by many to be contagious during the 1993 outbreak, human-to-human transmission of the Sin Nombre virus has never been observed.
The head may be affected, but this is typically only in young children. [2] The itch is often worse at night. [2] Scratching may cause skin breakdown and an additional bacterial infection in the skin. [2] Scabies is caused by infection with the female mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, an ectoparasite. [3]
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Causes of encephalitis include viruses such as herpes simplex virus and rabies virus as well as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. [1] [2] Other causes include autoimmune diseases and certain medications. [2] In many cases the cause remains unknown. [2] Risk factors include a weak immune system. [2]
The respiratory syncytial virus , on the other hand, is contracted by direct contact and airborne droplets. It then replicates in the nose and throat before spreading to the lower respiratory tract. [48] RSV does cause epithelium damage. [48] Human parainfluenza virus typically results in inflammation of the nose, throat, and bronchi. [49]