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A permanganate can oxidize an amine to a nitro compound, [7] [8] an alcohol to a ketone, [9] an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, [10] [11] a terminal alkene to a carboxylic acid, [12] oxalic acid to carbon dioxide, [13] and an alkene to a diol. [14] This list is not exhaustive. In alkene oxidations one intermediate is a cyclic Mn(V) species: [15]
Addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to potassium permanganate gives Mn 2 O 7. [76] Although no reaction may be apparent, the vapor over the mixture will ignite paper impregnated with alcohol. Potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid react to produce some ozone, which has a high oxidizing power and rapidly oxidizes the alcohol, causing it to ...
Aluminum is one of the few elements capable of making soil more acidic. [22] This is achieved by aluminum taking hydroxide ions out of water, leaving hydrogen ions behind. [23] As a result, the soil is more acidic, which makes it unlivable for many plants. Another consequence of aluminum in soils is aluminum toxicity, which inhibits root growth ...
Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition as well as their size. The particle size distribution of a soil, its texture, determines many of the properties of that soil, in particular hydraulic conductivity and water potential, [1] but the mineralogy of those particles can strongly modify those properties. The mineralogy of ...
Soil develops through a series of changes. [2] The starting point is weathering of freshly accumulated parent material.A variety of soil microbes (bacteria, archaea, fungi) feed on simple compounds released by weathering and produce organic acids and specialized proteins which contribute in turn to mineral weathering.
The ore is then added to a leach tank of sulfuric acid and ferrous iron (Fe 2+) in a 1.6:1 ratio. The iron reacts with the manganese dioxide (MnO 2) to form iron hydroxide (FeO(OH)) and elemental manganese (Mn). [citation needed] This process yields approximately 92% recovery of the manganese.
It can also be made by mixing potassium permanganate with sodium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide. Manganese sulfate is a by-product of various industrially significant oxidations that use manganese dioxide, including the manufacture of hydroquinone and anisaldehyde .
The end product, humus, is suspended in colloidal form in the soil solution and forms a weak acid that can attack silicate minerals by chelating their iron and aluminum atoms. [160] Humus has a high cation and anion exchange capacity that on a dry weight basis is many times greater than that of clay colloids.