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The Han Chinese people can be defined into subgroups based on linguistic, cultural, ethnic, genetic, and regional features. The terminology used in Mandarin to describe the groups is: "minxi" (Chinese: 民系; pinyin: mínxì; Wade–Giles: min 2 hsi 4; lit. 'ethnic lineages', pronounced), used in Mainland China or "zuqun" (Chinese: 族群; pinyin: zúqún; Wade–Giles: tzu 2 ch'ün; lit ...
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Besides the Han Chinese majority, 55 other ethnic (minority) groups are categorized in present-day China, numbering approximately 105 million people (8%), mostly concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
Han Chinese can be divided into various subgroups based on the variety of Chinese that they speak. [54] [55] Waves of migration have occurred throughout China's long history and vast geographical expanse, engendering the emergence of Han Chinese subgroups found throughout the various regions of modern China today with distinct regional features.
The Hakka (Chinese: 客家), sometimes also referred to as Hakka-speaking Chinese, [1] [3] or Hakka Chinese, [4] or Hakkas, are a southern Han Chinese subgroup whose principal settlements and ancestral homes are dispersed widely across the provinces of southern China and who speak a language that is closely related to Gan, a Han Chinese dialect spoken in Jiangxi province.
Han Chinese are the dominant ethnic group in both states claiming to represent the Chinese nation: the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China. Han Chinese also constitute a sizable ethnic minority or plurality group in a number of other countries, such as Malaysia and Singapore. In the modern era, ethnicity's role in the Chinese ...
Hainanese Han represent the southernmost branch of the different Han Chinese subgroups. Although there was a Han presence as early as during the Han dynasty, Han settlers began to immigrate to the island in significant numbers only after the fall of the Northern Song dynasty.
The Chinese term fāngyán 方言, literally 'place speech', was the title of the first work of Chinese dialectology in the Han dynasty, and has had a range of meanings in the millennia since. [81] It is used for any regional subdivision of Chinese, from the speech of a village to major branches such as Mandarin and Wu. [ 82 ]