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Ganglion cysts are not limited to the hands and feet. They may occur near the knee, commonly near the cruciate ligaments, but they may occur at the origins of the gastrocnemius tendon, and anteriorly on Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad. [14] At the shoulder, they typically occur at the acromioclavicular joint or along the biceps tendon. [15]
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion, [4] is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors. [1] [2] [5] It is generally seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet, [6] where it presents with a rapidly enlarging painless lump in a finger or toe.
They are generally soft to the touch, movable, and painless. [1] They usually occur just under the skin, but occasionally may be deeper. [1] Most are less than 5 cm (2.0 in) in size. [2] Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. [4] It is possible to have several lipomas. [3] The cause is generally unclear. [1]
The arm of a patient with familial multiple lipomatosis. Familial multiple lipomatosis is a hereditary adipose tissue disorder that is characterized by the formation of multiple lipomas that occur in a particular distribution. [1] The lipomas are well-encapsulated, slow-growing, benign fatty tumors.
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). [1] [4] Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from lung, breast, thyroid, kidney and prostate. [1] There may be a lump, pain, or neurological signs from pressure. [1]
Enchondroma is a type of benign bone tumor that originates from cartilage. The exact etiology of it is not known. An enchondroma most often affects the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones. The bones most often involved with this benign tumor are the miniature long bones of the hands and feet.
A noticeable lump in relation to an extremity may be the first presenting symptom. Multiple deformities can arise, namely coronal plane deformities around the knees, ankles, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. For example, genu valgum (knock knees), ankle valgus, ulnar bowing and shortening, and radial head subluxation are encountered.
[10] [17] The fat deposited around the front of the neck is known as Madelung's collar or horse collar. [13] [5] Fat deposited on the back of the neck between the shoulder blades is known as a dorsocervical fat pad or buffalo hump. [13] [18] Fat deposited in the parotid region is known as hamster cheeks. [10]