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Elam (/ ˈ iː l ə m /) [a] was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The modern name Elam stems from the Sumerian transliteration elam(a), along with the later Akkadian elamtu, and the ...
Elam as a personal name also refers to other figures appearing in the Hebrew Bible: Elam is a son of Shashak of the tribe of Benjamin in 1 Chronicles 8:24 . Elam is the son of Meshelemiah, a Levite of the family of Kohath in 1 Chronicles 26:3. Elam is the ancestor of a family that returned with Zerubbabel in Ezra 2:1-2,7.
Babylon's seventh dynasty, also known as the Elamite dynasty, was founded around 980 BC. [3] [4] It was the third of a series of very short lived Babylonian dynasties, namely the Second Sealand Dynasty, the Bazi Dynasty and the Elamite Dynasty. [4] [5] Its first and sole ruler was the Elamite Mar-biti-apla-usur.
It is thought that terms like mar.tu were used to represent what we now call the Amorites: . In two Sumerian literary compositions written long afterward in the Old Babylonian period, Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta and Lugalbanda and the Anzu Bird, the Early Dynastic ruler of Uruk Enmerkar (listed in the Sumerian King List) mentions "the land of the mar.tu".
The Neo-Elamite kingdom was effectively destroyed by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in 646 BC, though Elamite rulers continued to govern the Elamite heartland until the rise and early years of the Achaemenid Empire in the late 6th century BC. The Elamites created a new kingdom, Elymais, around 147 BC.
Edom (/ ˈ iː d ə m /; [2] [3] Edomite: 𐤀𐤃𐤌 ʾDM; Hebrew: אֱדוֹם ʾĔḏōm, lit.: "red"; Akkadian: 𒌑𒁺𒈪 Údumi, 𒌑𒁺𒈬 Údumu; [4] Ancient Egyptian: jdwmꜥ) [5] was an ancient kingdom that stretched across areas in the south of present-day Jordan and Israel. [6]
From the 15th century BC, Elamite rulers at Susa began using the title "King of Anshan and Susa" (in Akkadian texts, the toponyms are reversed, as "King of Susa and Anshan"), [8] and it seems probable that Anshan and Susa were in fact unified for much of the "Middle Elamite period". The last king to claim this title was Shutruk-Nahhunte II (ca ...
The Elymaeans were reputed to be skilled archers. In 187 BC, they killed Antiochus III the Great after he had pillaged their temple of Bel.Nothing is known of their language, even though Elamite was still used by the Achaemenid Empire 250 years before the kingdom of Elymais came into existence. [2]