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The process of human influence on nature, including rivers, is stated with the beginning of the Anthropocene, which has replaced the Holocene. [ citation needed ] This long-term impact is analyzed and explained by a wide range of sciences and stands in an interdisciplinary context.
An irrigation scheme often draws water from the river and distributes it over the irrigated area. As a hydrological result it is found that: the downstream river discharge is reduced; the evaporation in the scheme is increased; the groundwater recharge in the scheme is increased; the level of the water table rises; the drainage flow is increased.
A river delta is so named because the shape of the Nile Delta approximates the triangular uppercase Greek letter delta.The triangular shape of the Nile Delta was known to audiences of classical Athenian drama; the tragedy Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus refers to it as the "triangular Nilotic land", though not as a "delta". [8]
Bank erosion is the wearing away of the banks of a stream or river. This is distinguished from changes on the bed of the watercourse, which is referred to as scour. Erosion and changes in the form of river banks may be measured by inserting metal rods into the bank and marking the position of the bank surface along the rods at different times. [17]
Cultural or anthropogenic eutrophication is the process that causes eutrophication because of human activity. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] The problem became more apparent following the introduction of chemical fertilizers in agriculture (green revolution of the mid-1900s). [ 23 ]
When anthropogenic contaminants are dissolved or suspended in runoff, the human impact is expanded to create water pollution. This pollutant load can reach various receiving waters such as streams, rivers, lakes, estuaries and oceans with resultant water chemistry changes to these water systems and their related ecosystems.
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Long-lived river systems can produce a series of terrace surfaces over the course of their geologic lifetime. When rivers flood, sediment deposits in sheets across the floodplain and build up over time. Later, during a time of river erosion, this sediment is cut into, or incised, by the river and flushed downstream. The previous floodplain is ...