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Primary cholangiography (or perioperative): Done in the operation room during a biliary drainage intervention. Secondary cholangiography : Done after a biliary drainage intervention. In both cases fluorescent fluids are used to create contrasts that make the diagnosis possible.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous hepatic cholangiogram (PTHC) is a radiological technique used to visualize the anatomy of the biliary tract. [1] A contrast medium is injected into a bile duct in the liver , after which X-rays are taken.
Insertion of a stent through the major duodenal papilla and ampulla of Vater into the common bile duct and/or the pancreatic duct; Dilation of strictures (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis, anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation) [5] Extraction of liver flukes from the biliary system (e.g., opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis, fasciolosis)
The IVC has been largely replaced by other diagnostic procedures—by ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic ultrasound and, increasingly, by MRI cholangiography, none of which are affected by jaundice. It is sometimes used when ERCP is unsuccessful.
Besides providing information regarding the biliary system, MRCP also provides information regarding surrounding solid organs and blood vessels, thus useful for planning the resection of pancreatic cancer and look for complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis such as liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma.
Choledocholithiasis (stones in common bile duct) is one of the complications of cholelithiasis (gallstones), so the initial step is to confirm the diagnosis of cholelithiasis. Patients with cholelithiasis typically present with pain in the right-upper quadrant of the abdomen with the associated symptoms of nausea and vomiting, especially after ...
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC), also known as Hong Kong disease, Oriental cholangitis, and Oriental infestational cholangitis, is a chronic infection characterized by recurrent bouts of bacterial cholangitis with primary hepatolithiasis. [1] [2] It is exclusive to people who live or have lived in southeast Asia. [3] [4] [5]
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is one of the major known risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma, [40] a cancer of the biliary tree, for which the lifetime risk among patients with PSC is 10-15%. [3] This represents a 400-fold greater risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma compared to the general population. [ 1 ]