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dplyr is an R package whose set of functions are designed to enable dataframe (a spreadsheet-like data structure) manipulation in an intuitive, user-friendly way. It is one of the core packages of the popular tidyverse set of packages in the R programming language . [ 1 ]
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization.It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9]The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data.
Thus, both the first and second homotopy groups of a space are contained within its fundamental 2-group. As this 2-group also defines an action of π 1 (X,x) on π 2 (X,x) and an element of the cohomology group H 3 (π 1 (X,x), π 2 (X,x)), this is precisely the data needed to form the Postnikov tower of X if X is a pointed connected homotopy 2 ...