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Alcohol (also known as ethanol) has a number of effects on health. Short-term effects of alcohol consumption include intoxication and dehydration. Long-term effects of alcohol include changes in the metabolism of the liver and brain, with increased risk of several types of cancer and alcohol use disorder. [1]
The first chemical produced when our liver breaks down alcohol is acetaldehyde, a known cancer-causer. Acetaldehyde plays a big role in hangovers: it causes nausea, which works in conjunction with ...
While the causes of a hangover are still poorly understood, [3] several factors are known to be involved including acetaldehyde accumulation, changes in the immune system and glucose metabolism, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, disturbed prostaglandin synthesis, increased cardiac output, vasodilation, sleep deprivation, and malnutrition.
Extreme levels of consumption can cause alcohol poisoning and death; a concentration in the blood stream of 0.36% will kill half of those affected. [2] [3] [4] Alcohol may also cause death indirectly by asphyxiation, caused from vomiting. Alcohol can greatly exacerbate sleep problems.
Knowing the signs and symptoms of dehydration can help prevent moderate and severe dehydration. Research shows that thirst is a major sign of a deficit, but only staying hydrated and drinking ...
Worse, it can damage the intestinal lining and possibly cause “leaky gut.” That condition can lead to microbes, food, and toxins seeping out of the intestines, potentially causing problems ...
Food such as fructose can increase the rate of alcohol metabolism. The effect can vary significantly from person to person, but a 100 g dose of fructose has been shown to increase alcohol metabolism by an average of 80%. In people with proteinuria and hematuria, fructose can cause falsely high BAC readings, due to kidney-liver metabolism. [106]
This can reduce glucose availability and lead to hypoglycemia and increased reliance on fatty acid and ketone metabolism. [1] [5] An additional stressor such as vomiting or dehydration can cause an increase in counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone which may further increase free fatty acid release and ketone ...