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Enoxaparin sodium, sold under the brand name Lovenox among others, is an anticoagulant medication (blood thinner). [11] It is used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) including during pregnancy and following certain types of surgery. [ 11 ]
Patients with cancer are at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, and LMWHs are used to reduce this risk. [10] The CLOT study, published in 2003, showed that dalteparin was more effective in patients with malignancy and acute venous thromboembolism than warfarin in reducing the risk of recurrent embolic events. [ 11 ]
The risk of bleeding is increased if used at the same time as other blood thinning drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet drugs and heparin. [2] The blood thinning effects can be reduced if used at the same time as rifampicin and phenytoin , and increased with fluconazole .
Contraindications - lists situations in which the medication should not be used, for example in patients with other medical conditions such as kidney problems or allergies; Warnings - covers possible serious side effects that may occur (e.g., boxed warning)
It is the strongest warning that the FDA requires, and signifies that medical studies indicate that the drug carries a significant risk of preventable, serious or even life-threatening adverse effects. [2] [3] Economists and physicians have thoroughly studied the effects of FDA boxed warnings on prescription patterns.
Doxorubicin is a very effective anti-cancer drug that causes congestive heart failure while treating tumors. [7] Doxorubicin is an uncoupling agent in that it inhibits proper functioning of complex I of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It then leads to the production of ROS and the inhibition of ATP production.
An increased risk of stroke and non-CNS embolism was observed in rivaroxaban-treated patients compared with warfarin-treated patients after the end of the study, underscoring the importance of therapeutic anticoagulation coverage during such a transition. Agnelli, Giancarlo (2005).
IARC group 2A agents are substances and exposure circumstances that have been classified as probable carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). [1] This designation is applied when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans, as well as sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals .
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