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The ARINC 429 unit of transmission is a fixed-length 32-bit frame, which the standard refers to as a 'word'. The bits within an ARINC 429 word are serially identified from Bit Number 1 to Bit Number 32 [4] or simply Bit 1 to Bit 32. The fields and data structures of the ARINC 429 word are defined in terms of this numbering.
The wire protocol may be either text-based or a binary protocol. Although an important architectural decision, this is a separate matter from the distinction between wire protocols and programmatic APIs. In electronics, a wire protocol is the mechanism used to transmit data from one point to another. [1]
debugWIRE is activated by setting (programming to zero) of the fuse DWEN (debugWIRE enable), normally located in the high fuse byte. After this action the /RESET pin function isn't available anymore and the ISP protocol cannot be used. debugWIRE can be disabled with any of the mentioned debuggers by sending a special reset command that disables temporarily the debugWIRE function and reenables ...
SPI's protocol has no maximum clock speed, however: Individual devices specify acceptable clock frequencies; Wiring and electronics limit frequency; Complete protocol flexibility for the bits transferred Not limited to 8-bit symbols; Arbitrary choice of message size, content, and purpose; Simple hardware and interfacing
where the physical layer net bit rate (the wire bit rate) depends on the Ethernet physical layer standard, and may be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s or 10 Gbit/s. Maximum throughput for 100BASE-TX Ethernet is consequently 97.53 Mbit/s without 802.1Q, and 97.28 Mbit/s with 802.1Q. Channel utilization is a concept often confused with protocol ...
The sixth bit is 0 for Receive or 1 for Transmit. The next 5 bits indicate the location (sub-address) to hold or get data on the Terminal (1–30). Note that sub-addresses 0 and 31 are reserved for Mode Codes. The last 5 bits indicate the number of words to expect (1–32). All zero bits indicate 32 words.
A 32-bit register can store 2 32 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 (2 32 − 1) for representation as an binary number, and −2,147,483,648 (−2 31) through 2,147,483,647 (2 31 − 1) for representation as two's complement.
V.32 (11/88) is an ITU-T recommendation for a modem operating as full-duplex on a 4-wire circuit, or half-duplex on a two-wire circuit, allowing bidirectional data transfer at either 9.6 kbit/s or 4.8 kbit/s at a symbol rate of 2,400 baud instead of the 600 baud of the V.22 standards.