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Nephritic syndrome is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation. It often occurs in the glomerulus, where it is called glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane and the occurrence of small pores in the podocytes of the ...
In men, 2-3 cases per 10,000 are treated as outpatients and 1-2 cases/10,000 require admission. [36] Young women are most often affected. Infants and the elderly are also at increased risk, reflecting anatomical changes and hormonal status. [36] Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most common in middle-aged women. [25]
Nephritis represents the ninth-most-common cause of death among all women in the US (and the fifth leading cause among non-Hispanic black women). [19] Worldwide, the highest rates [clarification needed] of nephritis are 50–55% for African or Asian descent followed by Hispanic at 43% and Caucasian at 17%. [20]
Specifically, Lupus nephritis class IV. [5] The other commonly associated disease is Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis can also be caused by bacterial or viral infections. Streptococcal throat or skin infection is most commonly seen as the origin if glomerulonephritis is going to be caused by an infection. [6]
Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that are described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. [1] It was characterized by swelling and the presence of albumin in the urine, and was frequently accompanied by high blood pressure and heart disease.
Clinical symptoms in patients with pyonephrosis can range from frank sepsis (15%) to asymptomatic bacteriuria. Upon physical examination, the hydronephrotic kidney may be linked to a palpable abdominal mass . [ 4 ]
Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease. Nephritis and nephrosis can give rise to nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome respectively.
The various symptoms of acute kidney injury result from the various disturbances of kidney function that are associated with the disease. Accumulation of urea and other nitrogen-containing substances in the bloodstream lead to a number of symptoms, such as fatigue , loss of appetite , headache , nausea , and vomiting . [ 6 ]
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