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p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates , where they prevent cancer formation. [ 5 ]
The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) also known as Bcl-2-binding component 3 (BBC3), is a pro-apoptotic protein, member of the Bcl-2 protein family. [5] [6] In humans, the Bcl-2-binding component 3 protein is encoded by the BBC3 gene. [5] [6] The expression of PUMA is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53.
Activation of a suicide gene can cause death through a variety of pathways, but one important cellular "switch" to induce apoptosis is the p53 protein. Stimulation or introduction (through gene therapy ) of suicide genes is a potential way of treating cancer or other proliferative diseases.
The most common of these diseases is cancer, the disease of excessive cellular proliferation, which is often characterized by an overexpression of IAP family members. As a result, the malignant cells experience an abnormal response to apoptosis induction: Cycle-regulating genes (such as p53, ras or c-myc) are mutated or inactivated in diseased ...
Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer and leading cause of death in men and women in the United States, it is estimated that there is about 216,000 new cases and 160,000 deaths due to lung cancer. [116] Initiation and progression of lung carcinoma is the result of the interaction between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors.
The expression of BID is upregulated by the tumor suppressor p53, and BID has been shown to be involved in p53-mediated apoptosis. [7] The p53 protein is a transcription factor that, when activated as part of the cell's response to stress, regulates many downstream target genes, including BID. However, p53 also has a transcription-independent ...
The p53 p63 p73 family is a family of tumor suppressor genes. [1] [2] This gene family codes the proteins: p53; TP73L (also known as "p63") p73; They are sometimes considered part of a "p53 family." When overexpressed, these proteins are known to be involved in tumor pathogenesis. [3]
P53, a transcription factor, can bind two sites within the human TIGAR gene to activate expression. [ 9 ] [ 13 ] One site is found within the first intron , and binds p53 with high affinity. [ 9 ] [ 13 ] The second is found just prior to the first exon, binds p53 with low affinity, [ 9 ] [ 13 ] and is conserved between mice and humans. [ 9 ]