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Millipedes in this subfamily are primarily distributed in North America, though their specific range and ecological niches vary. [ 4 ] The group is notable for its intricate gonopods , the male reproductive structures, which are used as key diagnostic features in identifying species.
These millipedes range from 4 mm to 30 mm in length. Colors range from pitch black through reddish or brownish to pallid and are rarely vivid. The collum is small, in the shape of a transverse oval, with a smooth anterior margin. The paranota are simple but usually well developed and dentate laterally. [2]
Polydesmida (from the Greek poly "many" and desmos "bond") is the largest order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, [2] [3] including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). [4] This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders in terms of morphology. [5]
Analocostreptus gregorius, previously called Spirostreptus gregorius and sometimes called African olive millipede is a millipede of the family Spirostreptidae. The species was first described by Carl Attems in his 1914 Afrikanische Spirostreptiden: nebst Ueberblick über die Spirostreptiden orbis terrarum Attems, C. M. T. Graf von.
Xystodesmidae is a family of millipedes in the suborder Leptodesmidea within the order Polydesmida (the "flat-backed" or "keeled" millipedes). [1] The family Xystodesmidae was created by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1895 and named after the genus Xystodesmus. [2] [3] This family includes more than 390 known species distributed among ...
The greenhouse millipede (Oxidus gracilis), also known as the hothouse millipede, short-flange millipede, or garden millipede, is a species of millipede in the family Paradoxosomatidae that has been widely introduced around the world, and is sometimes a pest in greenhouses.
Chordeumatida is the largest order in the superorder Nematophora, a group also known as spinning millipedes because their telsons feature spinnerets used to build nests of silk. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] These millipedes produce this silk to create chambers in which to molt or to lay their eggs.
As the name points out, Polydesmus angustus is a rather flat millipede, with all 20 segments' chitin extending laterally, an adaptation for digging and camouflaging in leaf litter. They are quite similar to other species in their same genus, P. coriaceus , P. denticulatus and P. inconstans , only being reliably identified by the shape of a male ...