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There are five systems or types of social inequality: wealth inequality, treatment and responsibility inequality, political inequality, life inequality, and membership inequality. Political inequality is the difference brought about by the ability to access governmental resources which therefore have no civic equality.
Globally, the issue of spatial inequality is largely a result of disparities between urban and rural areas. A study commissioned by the United Nations University WIDER project has shown that for the twenty-six countries included in the study, spatial inequalities have been high and on the increase, especially for developing nations.
Buildings in Rio de Janeiro, demonstrating economic inequality. Effects of income inequality, researchers have found, include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, [1] a lower population-wide satisfaction and happiness [2] [3] and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. [4]
Debate continues over whether a public policy response is appropriate to income inequality. For example, Federal Reserve Economist Thomas Garrett wrote in 2010: "It is important to understand that income inequality is a byproduct of a well-functioning capitalist economy. Individuals' earnings are directly related to their productivity ...
In “The Velvet Rope Economy: How Inequality Became Big Business,” Schwartz examines a world where the highly affluent are increasingly segregated from the masses, enjoying access to the best ...
Social inequality is "the state or quality of being unequal". [7] Inequality is the root of several social problems that occur when factors such as gender, disability, race, and age may affect the way a person is treated. A past example of inequality as a social problem is slavery in the United States.
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
The advocacy of social equality is egalitarianism. [5] Social equality is distinct from alleviating suffering of the unfortunate in society. It is an expression of the ideal that any two individuals in society should be treated with equal respect and have an equal right to participate in society without regard for social status or hierarchy. [6]