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A pluggable authentication module (PAM) is a mechanism to integrate multiple low-level authentication schemes into a high-level application programming interface (API). PAM allows programs that rely on authentication to be written independently of the underlying authentication scheme.
Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) is a suite of libraries that allow a Linux system administrator to configure methods to authenticate users. It provides a flexible and centralized way to switch authentication methods for secured applications by using configuration files instead of changing application code. [ 1 ]
Keycloak is an open-source software product to allow single sign-on with identity and access management aimed at modern applications and services. Until April 2023, this WildFly community project was under the stewardship of Red Hat , who use it as the upstream project for their Red Hat build of Keycloak .
This implies that the PKI system (software, hardware, and management) is trust-able by all involved. A "web of trust" decentralizes authentication by using individual endorsements of links between a user and the public key belonging to that user. PGP uses this approach, in addition to lookup in the domain name system (DNS).
Most commercial certificate authority (CA) software uses PKCS #11 to access the CA signing key [clarification needed] or to enroll user certificates. Cross-platform software that needs to use smart cards uses PKCS #11, such as Mozilla Firefox and OpenSSL (using an extension). It is also used to access smart cards and HSMs.
This means that one can use the key pair to get a certificate from any certificate authority, when one has access to the private key. Also the user can pin public keys of root or intermediate certificates (created by certificate authorities), restricting site to certificates issued by the said certificate authority.
This is undertaken to prevent tampering with the Linux kernel. However, the first stage bootloader or an EFI system partition cannot be encrypted (see Full disk encryption#The boot key problem). [14] On mobile Linux systems, postmarketOS has developed osk-sdl to allow a full disk encrypted system to be unlocked using a touch screen.
It uses a combination of Fedora Linux, 389 Directory Server, MIT Kerberos, NTP, DNS, the Dogtag certificate system, SSSD and other free/open-source components. FreeIPA includes extensible management interfaces (CLI, Web UI, XMLRPC and JSONRPC API) and Python SDK for the integrated CA , and BIND with a custom plugin for the integrated DNS server.