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In this code, 5 physical qubits are used to encode the logical qubit. [2] With X {\displaystyle X} and Z {\displaystyle Z} being Pauli matrices and I {\displaystyle I} the Identity matrix , this code's generators are X Z Z X I , I X Z Z X , X I X Z Z , Z X I X Z {\displaystyle \langle XZZXI,IXZZX,XIXZZ,ZXIXZ\rangle } .
The World Is Not Enough (WINE) is a US project developing a refuelable steam engine system for spacecraft propulsion.WINE developed a method of extracting volatiles from ice, ice-rich regolith, and hydrated soils and uses it as steam propulsion which allows the spacecraft to refuel multiple times and have an extraordinary long service lifetime.
The term is used in astrophysics to refer to dense stellar objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, where thermal pressure alone is not enough to prevent gravitational collapse. The term also applies to metals in the Fermi gas approximation. Degenerate matter is usually modelled as an ideal Fermi gas, an ensemble of non-interacting fermions.
Steam is a digital distribution service and storefront developed by Valve.It was launched as a software client in September 2003 to provide game updates automatically for Valve's games and expanded to distributing third-party titles in late 2005.
In metals and in white dwarf stars, electrons can be modeled as a gas of non-interacting electrons confined to a finite volume. Although there are strong electromagnetic forces between the negatively charged electrons, these forces are approximately balanced by the positive nuclei and so can be neglected in the simplest models.
It is a CSS code (Calderbank-Shor-Steane), using the classical binary [7,4,3] Hamming code to correct for both qubit flip errors (X errors) and phase flip errors (Z errors). The Steane code encodes one logical qubit in 7 physical qubits and is able to correct arbitrary single qubit errors. Its check matrix in standard form is
An extreme helium star (abbreviated EHe) is a low-mass supergiant that is almost devoid of hydrogen, the most common chemical element of the Universe.Since there are no known conditions where stars devoid of hydrogen can be formed from molecular clouds, it is theorized that they are the product of the mergers of helium-core and carbon-oxygen core white dwarfs.
Solid planets up to thousands of Earth masses may be able to form around massive stars (B-type and O-type stars; 5–120 solar masses), where the protoplanetary disk would contain enough heavy elements. Also, these stars have high UV radiation and winds that could photoevaporate the gas in the disk, leaving just the heavy elements. [62]