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Height functions allow mathematicians to count objects, such as rational points, that are otherwise infinite in quantity.For instance, the set of rational numbers of naive height (the maximum of the numerator and denominator when expressed in lowest terms) below any given constant is finite despite the set of rational numbers being infinite. [2]
The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4]
A square is a parallelogram with one right angle and two adjacent equal sides. [1] A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles; that is, it is a quadrilateral that is both a rhombus and a rectangle [1] A square is a quadrilateral where the diagonals are equal, and are the perpendicular bisectors of each other.
The decision problem for the existential theory of the reals is the algorithmic problem of testing whether a given sentence belongs to this theory; equivalently, for strings that pass the basic syntactical checks (they use the correct symbols with the correct syntax, and have no unquantified variables) it is the problem of testing whether the ...
The coefficient a is the same value in all three forms. To convert the standard form to factored form, one needs only the quadratic formula to determine the two roots r 1 and r 2. To convert the standard form to vertex form, one needs a process called completing the square. To convert the factored form (or vertex form) to standard form, one ...
Despite measuring different aspects of length and angle, the first and second fundamental forms are not independent from one another, and they satisfy certain constraints called the Gauss–Codazzi equations. A major theorem, often called the fundamental theorem of the differential geometry of surfaces, asserts that whenever two objects satisfy ...
Archimedes gives the value of the square root of 3 as lying between 265 / 153 (approximately 1.7320261) and 1351 / 780 (approximately 1.7320512) in Measurement of a Circle. The actual value is approximately 1.7320508, making this a very accurate estimate. He introduced this result without offering any explanation of how he had ...
Oxygen consumption in species that differ in body size and organ system dimensions show a similarity in their charted V O2 distributions indicating that, despite the complexity of their systems, there is a power law dependence of similarity; therefore, universal patterns are observed in diverse animal taxonomy. [28]