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The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is the total energy released as heat when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions.
Thus methane has an HHV (Higher heating value) of 55.50 MJ/kg, the highest value of common fuels. Diesel fuel has an HHV value of 44.80 MJ/kg and anthracite coal a value of 32.50 MJ/kg. Moisture and ash-free firewood has a lower value of 21.70 MJ/kg while dry peat has the lowest value of all common fuels of about 15.00 MJ/kg.
Fire loading in a building or compartment measures the potential severity of a hypothetical future fire. It represents the heat output per unit floor area, typically expressed in kJ/m², calculated based on the calorific value of the materials present.
The energy content of wood pellets is approximately 4.7 – 5.2 MWh/tonne [43] [44] (~7450 BTU/lb), 14.4-20.3 MJ/kg. [45] [None of these three sets of values come even close to agreeing.] High-efficiency wood pellet stoves and boilers have been developed in recent years, typically offering combustion efficiencies of over 85%. [46]
The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera). [13]
Smokeless fuels generally have a high calorific value, with that of anthracite being greater than dry wood for example, and many smokeless briquettes are made from this type of coal. Thus anthracite has a calorific value of 32.5 MJ/kg compared with that of dry wood of about 21 MJ/kg.
The actual wood volume of a cord may be in the range of 80 to 100 cubic feet (2.3 to 2.8 m 3) as stacked wood takes up more space than a piece of solid wood. The most common firewood piece length is 16 inches (41 cm).
[1] The discovery of how to make fire for the purpose of burning wood is regarded as one of humanity's most important advances. The use of wood as a fuel source for heating is much older than civilization and is assumed to have been used by Neanderthals. Today, burning of wood is the largest use of energy derived from a solid fuel biomass.