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If certified cost or pricing data has been requested by the Government and submitted by an offeror, but an exception is later found to apply, the data should not be considered to be "certified". [1] The requirement for a certificate of cost or pricing data may also apply to sub-contractors at any tier in the supply chain. [2] [4]
Cost-plus pricing is the most basic method of pricing. A store will simply charge consumers the cost required to produce a product plus a predetermined amount of profit. Cost-plus pricing is simple to execute, but it only considers internal information when setting the price and does not factor in external influencers like market reactions, the weather, or changes in consumer va
Asymmetric price transmission (sometimes abbreviated as APT and informally called "rockets and feathers" , also known as asymmetric cost pass-through) refers to pricing phenomenon occurring when downstream prices react in a different manner to upstream price changes, depending on the characteristics of upstream prices or changes in those prices.
Price optimization utilizes data analysis to predict the behavior of potential buyers to different prices of a product or service. Depending on the type of methodology being implemented, the analysis may leverage survey data (e.g. such as in a conjoint pricing analysis [7]) or raw data (e.g. such as in a behavioral analysis leveraging 'big data' [8] [9]).
It compares a firm's price of output with its associated marginal cost where marginal cost pricing is the "socially optimal level" achieved in market with perfect competition. [41] Lerner (1934) believes that market power is the monopoly manufacturers' ability to raise prices above their marginal cost. [ 42 ]
A cost-type contract can be used where technical requirements and specifications are very general, vague, uncertain or unknown, or circumstances do not allow the requiring organization to define its requirements sufficiently to allow for a fixed-price type contract, or uncertainties involved in contract performance do not permit costs to be ...
A flat fee, also referred to as a flat rate or a linear rate refers to a pricing structure that charges a single fixed fee for a service, regardless of usage. [1] Less commonly, the term may refer to a rate that does not vary with usage or time of use.
Pricing strategies and tactics vary from company to company, and also differ across countries, cultures, industries and over time, with the maturing of industries and markets and changes in wider economic conditions. [2] Pricing strategies determine the price companies set for their products. The price can be set to maximize profitability for ...