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The equality of nations being a basic principle of the League of Nations, the High Contracting Parties agree to accord as soon as possible to all alien nationals of states, members of the League, equal and just treatment in every respect making no distinction, either in law or in fact, on account of their race or nationality.
Hence, the proposal had the role of appeasing the opponents by allowing Japan's acceptance of the League to be conditional on having a Racial Equality Clause inserted into the covenant of the League. [5] Despite the proposal, Japan itself had racial discrimination policies, especially towards non-Yamato people. [6] [7] [8]
Shelby County v. Holder (2013) - overturned Sections 4(b) and 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, limiting the law's enforcement. Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action (2014) - held that Proposal 2, an amendment to the Constitution of Michigan prohibiting affirmative action does not violate the Equal Protection Clause
Houston Community College System v. Wilson, 595 U.S. ___ (2022), is a United States Supreme Court case involving the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.The unanimous Court held that a local government board member's freedom of speech was not abridged when he was verbally censured by his colleagues.
Japan requested that a clause upholding the principle of racial equality should be inserted, parallel to the existing religious equality clause. This was deeply opposed, particularly by American political sentiment, while Wilson himself simply ignored the question [citation needed].
Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected as the first southern President since 1848. He was re-elected in 1916, in a much closer presidential contest. During his first term, Wilson satisfied the request of Southerners in his cabinet and instituted overt racial segregation throughout federal government workplaces, as well as racial discrimination in
Texas - Equality under the law shall not be denied or abridged because of sex, race, color, creed, or national origin. This amendment is self-operative. Texas Constitution, Article I, §3a (1972) Utah – The rights of citizens of the State of Utah to vote and hold office shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex. Both male and female ...
Sharp also noted that Wilson like the other Allied leaders had to cater to domestic concerns as opposition to Asian immigration into the United States which led him to oppose the Japanese-inspired Racial Equality Clause, which led Sharp to question whether the peace conference could be only explained solely in terms of the personalities of the ...