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Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. [1] They are produced in the gut , and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate . [ 2 ]
When synthesized and absorbed in the intestines, urolithin A enters the systemic circulation where it becomes available to tissues throughout the body where it is further subjected to additional chemical transformations (including glucuronidation, methylation, sulfation, or a combination of them) within the enterocytes and hepatocytes. [9]
Urolithin B (UB) [1] is an urolithin, a type of phenolic compounds produced in the human gut after absorption of ellagitannins-containing food such as pomegranate, [2] strawberries, red raspberries, walnuts or oak-aged red wine. [3] Urolithin B is found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide. [citation needed]