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For example, in a recipe that calls for 10 pounds of flour and 5 pounds of water, the corresponding baker's percentages are 100% for the flour and 50% for the water. Because these percentages are stated with respect to the weight of flour rather than with respect to the weight of all ingredients, the sum of these percentages always exceeds 100%.
American cooks using British recipes, and vice versa, need to be careful with pints and fluid ounces. A US pint (16 US fluid ounces) is about 16·65 UK fluid ounces or 473 mL, while a UK pint is 20 UK fluid ounces (about 19·21 US fluid ounces or 568 mL): a UK pint is, therefore, about 20% larger than a US pint.
Dry measure cups without a scale are sometimes used, in sets typically of 1 / 4 , 1 / 3 , 1 / 2 , and 1 cup. The units may be milliliters or fractions of a liter, or the cup (unit, with varying definitions) with its fractions (typically 1 / 4 , 1 / 3 , 1 / 2 , 2 / 3 , and 3 / 4 ...
The pH range is commonly given as zero to 14, but a pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. [2] The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [3]
The cup is a cooking measure of volume, commonly associated with cooking and serving sizes.In the US, it is traditionally equal to one-half US pint (236.6 ml). Because actual drinking cups may differ greatly from the size of this unit, standard measuring cups may be used, with a metric cup commonly being rounded up to 240 millilitres (legal cup), but 250 ml is also used depending on the ...
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In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...
Portable, or field pH meters, are handheld pH meters that are used to take the pH of a sample in a field or production site. [19] In-line or in situ pH meters, also called pH analyzers, are used to measure pH continuously in a process, and can stand-alone, or be connected to a higher level information system for process control. [20]