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Under the application of sustained force ice will flow as a fluid, and changes to the force applied will result in non-linear changes to the resulting flow. [4] This fluid behavior of ice, which the Glen–Nye flow law is intended to represent, is accommodated within the solid ice by creep, [4] and is a dominant mode of glacial ice flow. [5] [3 ...
Subglacial streams are conduits of glacial meltwater that flow at the base of glaciers and ice caps. [1] Meltwater from the glacial surface travels downward throughout the glacier, forming an englacial drainage system consisting of a network of passages that eventually reach the bedrock below, where they form subglacial streams. [1]
Raymond Effect is a flow effect in ice sheets, occurring at flow divides, which gives rise to disturbances in the stratigraphy, showing unusual arches or anticlines called Raymond Arches. [1] The stratigraphy is detected by radio-echo sounding. The Raymond Effect arises from the unusual flow properties of ice, as its viscosity decreases with ...
In the summer, glacial streams experience high stream flow because of ice melt. [8] The high flow is characterized by high turbidity and sediment transport, which reduces the biomass of the resident periphyton. [8] At the end of summer, ice melt is reduced and stream flow decreases, causing an increase in the periphyton population. [8]
An iceberg in the Arctic Ocean Tabular iceberg Iceberg from overhead showing above and submerged ice. An iceberg is a piece of fresh water ice more than 15 meters (16 yards) long [1] that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water. [2] [3] Smaller chunks of floating glacially derived ice are called "growlers ...
Such crevasses, when forming on ice shelves, may penetrate to the underlying ocean and contribute to the breakup of the ice shelf. [ 2 ] Supraglacial lakes also have a warming effect on the glaciers; having a lower albedo than ice, the water absorbs more of the sun's energy, causing warming and (potentially) further melting.
Hudson Bay is covered in ice in the winter and is ice-free in the summer. Hudson Bay has 42 rivers, contributing to the river runoff. The Labrador Current is made up of the Hudson Strait outflow, or the southeast flow, that meets with the Davis Strait and the West Greenland Current . [ 6 ]
A subglacial meltwater channel is a channel beneath an ice mass, such as ice sheets and valley glaciers, roughly parallel to the main ice flow direction.These meltwater channels can have different sizes, ranging from very small channels of a metre deep and wide to big valleys which can be up to a kilometre wide.
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